Win Some Lose Some Essay Example for Free

Win Some Lose Some Essay Gambling clubs are increasingly more typical in little networks. With this being said little networks are changing into a betting economy. There are both negative just as positive effects of club betting on the economy. At times the positive viewpoints exceed the negative. Club are acceptable wellsprings of monetary turn of events, making employments and giving assets expected to fabricate a superior economy. A gambling club is a decent decision as to help with monetary turn of events. This is an extraordinary method to pull in individuals who get income. Take the Northern Quest Resort Casino for instance; it is situated in Airway Heights which is a little city. A once unassuming community is currently well known with the fervor of a gambling club. Prior to the gambling club there was only an air terminal, and an Air power base. Presently that there is a gambling club there are significantly more stores, lodging, and individuals. The development of the economy is gradually expanding with Wal Mart, Village Center Cinemas, Spokane County Raceway, and obviously the gambling club. At the point when the gambling club was made numerous new openings and openings were made for neighborhood individuals. There were numerous occupations before the real club was open which was development and after it was worked there were various employments within the gambling club. The development employments declined once the club was finished yet there were still occupations within the structure. The Kalispel’s HR division wanted to employ Indians as it were. The Kalispel Tribe and Northern Quest Resort Casino made roughly 1,600 occupations and about $1.1 million every month in nearby or privately associated products and enterprises. (Northern) However, the drawback of a club is that the network transforms into a betting economy and there can be negative results. State governments keep on having concerns encompassing sorted out crime’s appreciation for Indian gaming. (Local) Residence in the territory gets dependent on betting, to the idea of winning large. Card sharks have the conviction that in the event that they continue playing, at that point they will win. Habit makes individuals do reckless things. Obligation is serious issue with regards to betting. Individuals will go similar to robbery, misappropriation, or even self destruction. These activities make for a messed up family. Directing is the most ideal approach for a gambler’s dependence. At long last everything comes down to the individuals in the network and their own decisions they make. Picking whether to bet or not is completely up to them. They reserve the option to do whatever they please and do whatever is best for them. It likewise presents issues in neighboring networks. In the consequence of the gambling club neighborhood ventures had lost business because of the opposition. For instance The Davenport lodging had lost various visitors toward the Northern Quest Casino after they included the inn. (Kamstra) Local organizations are losing income because of the gambling club however in a manner the gambling club is really getting a larger number of individuals than previously. The income has developed quickly and the joined incomes of all gaming undertakings in the United States are accounted for to be on the request for $75 billion every year. (Henson) The club has an enormous benefit and where is the cash going? The Northern Quest Casino is claimed by the Kalispel clan of Indians, cash at that point returns to the clan. A health place was assembled in the no so distant past with the assets. On the off chance that Kalispel inborn individuals wish to attend a university, at that point the educational cost is completely paid for through the clan. The Kalispel clan additionally offers budgetary help to provincial charitable associations; they have given over $5 million up until this point. The Kalispel Charitable Fund centers around instruction, human services, expressions culture, social administrations and condition protection in the Spokane and Pend Oreille regions. The Northern Quest Resort Casino accomplices with the Harvest food bank to assist battle with craving in Eastern Washington and North Idaho. The income from the gambling club likewise goes into the nearby network, schools, police, and delivers charge income to keep the club there. The club basically carries cash into the administration, noble cause, and laborers. (Beneficent) Fortunately the Northern Quest Casino isn't a long way from the Spokane International Airport, this implies many voyaging individuals can stop by during a delay and attempt their karma. Alongside the entirety of the speculators there are individuals who might need to see the scenes or want occasions occurred at the club. The Northern Quest Casino has an inn, a club, games. They put on shows and pow wows too. Occasions like these acquire many crazed fans and numerous Native Americans. During European colonization Native Americans’ lives were changed. Local Americans lost their property, came down with ailments, and had to do numerous things. They had to absorb and had to change over to Christianity. They essentially lost everything, including their opportunity. In a manner people owe it to Native Americans to let them advance as a sovereign country and improve their economies. For once Native Americans are at their best. Gaming is giving Native Americans their innate financial freedom. Local American clans have made some amazing progress with turning into a sovereign country contrasted with the past, they get the opportunity to set their own betting guidelines and have their own gambling clubs. As of mid-2006, 224 of the 561 governmentally perceived clans worked gaming worked gaming undertakings. (Henson) The Spokane clan of Indians situated in Wellpinit is one clan that is attempting to get their economy moving. They presently have two club, three corner stores, outdoors grounds, an amphitheater, and a marina where boat storages can be leased. One gambling club is situated on the booking and the other is situated in Chewelah. They will likely have a fruitful gambling club in Airway stature simply like the Northern Quest club in the near future. The Spokane Indians put on numerous occasions during the time, for example, Jam Fest, Native American Heritage Day, Poker Run, workmanship barters, numerous pow wows, and they put on shows each end of the week throughout the mid year at the amphitheater. The development in the quantity of Indian countries having gaming ventures is expanding. This industry continues advancing as clans with administrations extend. Gambling clubs have unquestionably acquired numerous prizes and advantages to the clans and encompassing regions. Works Cited Magnanimous Fund. Kalispel Tribe. 2009. Web. 10 Nov. 2012. . Davis, Mary B. Local America in the Twentieth Century: An Encyclopedia. New York: Garland Pub., 1994. Print. Henson, Eric C. The State of the Native Nations: Conditions under U.S. Arrangements of Self-assurance : The Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Development. New York: Oxford UP, 2008. Print. The Kalispel Tribe of Indians ‘ site gives an extraordinary case of the benefit of having a gambling club which is they provide for a cause. Kamstra, Brooke. Individual meeting. 17 Feb. 2012. I felt it was reasonable to put that the gambling club has been an opposition since the time it included a lodging. The individual meeting was from a worker at The Davenport inn. Northern Quest Resort Casino. Kalispel Tribe. 2009. Web. 15 Nov. 2012. .

The Social Role of Women

Whenever solicited what is the social job from ladies? The most intelligent answer would be that of a mother, a nurturer. Another person may state shoeless and pregnant yet everything worked out to be something very similar, inadequacy. Consistently, ladies, for example, Mary Wollstonecraft battled to change this sexual orientation generalization. It is socially believed that ladies are mediocre compared to men, which is as yet the case in numerous nations. A Vindication on the Rights of Women was composed, harking back to the 1700’s, where ladies were to be accommodating to their husbands.Disobedience was not endured. The cooking, cleaning, and raising of youngsters was the principle objective. Wollstonecraft called attention to in her compositions her disappointment of the legislature, and how ladies were not permitted to partake in the policy centered issues however were relied upon to submit to its laws. Ladies were inadequately instructed, however expected to teach their kids. Hence, youngsters got poor trainings [ (Wollstonecraft) ]. Indeed, even in this time; numerous ladies felt the burdens of their constrainment and needed to be all the more socially accepted.Women assumed significant jobs in molding this nation. During the Civil War, ladies, for example, Sarah Emma Edmonds went about as medical caretakers, Union and Confederate officers, and even government agents [ (Wilson) ]. After the Civil War, it achieved noteworthy change for women’s rights. Wollstonecraft needed equivalent open door in the political arrangement just as in the legislature. She composed a letter to M. Talleyrand Perigord, Late Bishop of Autun, she states, â€Å"I argue for my sex not for myself, in calling upon you currently to weigh what I have progressed regarding the privileges of lady and national education†. (Wollstonecraft) ] Wollstonecraft requested Perigord do an examination on the Constitution, and when it is updated that ladies be remembered for the overhauled rendition. As we take a gander at today’s social principles, we as ladies have progressed significantly. We currently own organizations; we are in congress, and in any event, running for President. I do accept that a lady would have the option to run this nation similarly just as men. We are the spines of our men without us they would not have gone the extent that we have. We despite everything have a few hindrances to jump over.Now that we have broken out of the homes and into the working environment, we should now fight to be similarly paid and recognized as that of men. Ladies are disregarded however we are clearing our own particular manner to balance. One day we will be taken a gander at as an adversary and not a subordinate.Bibliography Wilson, Barbara A. Ladies were There. 3 December 2010 <http://userpages. aug. com/captbarb/femvets2. html>. Wollstonecraft, Mary. A Vindication on the Rights of Women. New York, NY: Penguin Classics, 2004.

Health Care Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Social insurance Management - Essay Example This seminar on social insurance fund gave me the genuinely necessary point of view to comprehend the present human services situation and the difficulties that it faces from the money related viewpoint. As the course advanced I understood that social insurance account is significant and pertinent regarding the present human services situation of rising medicinal services cost and the interest of social insurance administrations. The contextual analyses that were broke down in class allowed me a chance to find out about the different monetary, political and social factors that impact dynamic in the field of human services. It gave me a comprehension of the different chances and issues that social insurance supervisors face and I currently value the work that goes into guaranteeing that quality consideration administrations are given to the patients. The contextual investigations provoked me to basically think and assess each case material by considering the difficulties presented by every situation and creating techniques to react to or resolve these issues. Furthermore, I was likewise tested to recognize and organize contending issues which helped me to build up my critical thinking aptitudes and improved my capacity to break down and reason thoroughly particularly when it came to situations requiring asset allotment taking into account political imperatives and changing business sector requests.

Models and Practices of Corporate Governance

Question: Talk about the Models and Practices of Corporate Governance. Answer: Presentation Harvey Norman is an Australian furnishings, home extras and bedding organization. It is a piece of the ASX-recorded Harvey Norman Holdings Limited and presently brags of spreading across Australia, New Zealand, Europe and South-East Asia with 280 stores. The organization presents with a feeling of excitement and enterprise, profoundly implanted in their authoritative culture (Harveynorman.com.au, 2017). This investigation would cover the factor of corporate administration in associations and how it can impact the working of the association. For this situation, Harvey Norman has been picked, and the administration evaluation would be applied to it for the upgrade of their business practice. Conversation Corporate administration is an expansive progressive term which, despite various things, cloak the basics, joins, procedures, courses of action and practices whereby dominance inside affiliations are bore and kept up. The administration ideals of an affiliation are molded by an assortment of elements, both inside (for example establishment, different leveled courses of action) and outside (for example laws, direction, pack needs). A leading group of supervisor hang tight for an essential component in influencing an affiliations administration condition (Companydirectors.com.au, 2017). Harvey Norman emphatically accepts that the base of its supportability is straightforwardly corresponding to its assuming liability for nature and society. Their supervisory crew assumes up the liability of their everyday business exercises, and have separate ecological organizers who deal with preparing, water and vitality protection, and waste administration. In organizations like Harvey Norman, administration is significantly executed to ensure the turn of events and imaginative headways of the association continues in a legitimate manner for making the outcomes supporting and discovery (Governanceinstitute.com.au, 2017). Supporting development doesn't make any new market or any sort of significant worth system. It just builds up the present ones by methods for better worth. Interestingly, troublesome advancement presents new market and worth system that are worse, however are more affordable, progressively advantageous and uproots set up showcase driving firms (Christensen Raynor, 2013). In any case, Harvey Norman needs advancement in any structure. They are a long way from execution of retail development inside the administration positions. The disappointment of developing the client contributions and the plan of action tested the association, from which even their administration couldn't help. Harvey Norman exhibited the capacity to b ring inventive administrations, which brought long haul accomplishment for the organization. There is a requirement for chance taking, non-standard arrangements from Harvey Normans side to ensure development and inventiveness is advanced. It is the obligation of the administrators to show suitable business enterprise to make change and opportunity in the association and produce benefit for them. In Harvey Norman, the business enterprise factor can't be handily characterized. The business visionaries of the association have the chance to utilize development for misusing or making change and open doors for making benefits. Harvey Norman has faith in the physical retail experience and is very preferential by the duty prohibition on abroad online buys. They do not have the information on the advantages of online-business and flops in getting things done as they should do. Harvey Norman, as a firm, carefully holds fast to the conventional shut arrangement of advancement, and not the open development approach in which firms get the chance to popularize inner and outside thoughts by conveying inward and outer pathways to the market. Harvey Norman attempts to cause their workers to feel they are significant and part of something greater, as a piece of information the executives. Individuals need to feel that their insight would be valuable at the firm they are working. In this unique circumstance, Harvey Norman endeavors working as a learning association and continue improving with time. They are intending to pressure more on implied information, as the thought produced from such individuals would be special and make a serious edge for the organization (Hislop, 2013). A fit administration structure would have appropriate thought towards the: contribution of individual authorities; the adequacy of the board and its execution; the way wherein administration is related all through the alliance; the strength of the affiliations the alliance bolsters with its assistants (Khan, Muttakin Siddiqui, 2013) So in like manner, a skilled board examination or board survey would consistently endeavor to fuse articulation on an associations administration from every one of these elective outlooks (Asx.com.au, 2017). In 2003, Harvey Norman came up on reports as having the most reduced score in corporate administration. It is significant for them to comprehend the components of the equivalent and join the best continuing practices in their activities. Appropriate corporate administration in Harvey Norman can adjust the interests of the leading body of chief, association and assistants, while additionally giving the structure that sets up the targets of the affiliation and the frameworks for satisfying these objectives and studying execution. Particular styles of corporate administration exist to suit the necessities of affiliations like Harvey Norman (Tricker, 2015). The unitary board incorporates directors, for example, the leader of the affiliation and non-specialists who have no earlier connections to the relationship before their course of action. Correspondence streams well among power people since all know about corporate data and information (Van sanctum Berghe, 2012). Precisely when an affiliation has an association board and another administrative board, it works under double sheets. Under this structure, the investors pick the administrative board which coordinates the association board (Ahmed Henry, 2012). Organization Management An association style of corporate administration is portrayed by a fundamentally included board and top association. A culture of straightforwardness and backing is key for the two get-togethers to team up setting up the affiliation's approaches, techniques, targets and missions (Hilb, 2012). Assorted corporate administration models have ended up being continuously explored and inspected as globalization gets hold in world markets.Some of them are: The Anglo-US model is delineated by share obligation in regards to, and coherently institutional, budgetary experts not related with the association; an especially made true blue structure depicting the rights and commitments of three key players, to be specific association, chief and investors; and a likewise simple system for relationship among investor and affiliation and what's more among investors amidst or outside the AGM (Ungureanu, 2012). The Japanese Model In the Japanese model, administration plans occur true to form considering two basic legitimate affiliations: one between investors, clients, providers, credit supervisors and representative associations; the other between boss, managers and investors (Chizema Shinozawa, 2012). In the mainland structure, the corporate substance is viewed as an organizing vehicle between national intrigue parties. Banks as often as possible acknowledge a huge part financially and in fundamental expert for firms. These affiliations for the most part have an official board and an administrative party (Piesse, Strange Toonsi, 2012). The reason for Harvey Normans destruction with regards to corporate administration was because of the natural proposition they set forward, which was both silly and badly planned. Establishments considering themselves to be proprietors and not simply financial specialists have been the missing connection in administration acts. Guidelines in Australia The Principles and Recommendations apply to all Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) recorded parts, including Harvey Norman, paying little notification to the last report they take, paying little regard to whether they are created in Australia or somewhere else, and whether they are inside or remotely coordinated (Asx.com.au, 2017). The measures for good corporate administration in Australian organizations, and in this setting for Harvey Norman are: A recorded organization should set up and reveal the various parts and commitments of its board and association and how their execution is watched and assessed. A recorded organization should have a leading body of a reasonable range, piece, limits and commitment to encourage it to satisfy its responsibilities effectively (Okhmatovskiy David, 2012). A recorded organization should act ethically and dependably. A recorded organization ought to have exacting and cautious methods that wholeheartedly confirm and shield the uprightness of its corporate revealing. A recorded organization should set up a reasonable hazard association outline and inconsistently assess the sensibility of that structure (Claessens Yurtoglu, 2013). Outcomes The outcomes that Harvey Norman can confront due to corporate administration disappointment are: The offer cost can fall unequivocally, affecting investors and all over even the business part in which the affiliation works. The affiliation may at last come up short, inciting work difficulties and other hazardous results for the district where it works. In some uncommon cases, for example, government bailouts, locals can be left reimbursing the expenses (Kathy Rao, Tilt Lester, 2012). Corporate administration in Harvey Norman is productive and formalized legitimately of guaranteeing that the leading body of heads doesnt choose basic position powers occasioned by association and proprietorship division to search for after individual interests to the impediment of a few accessories (Salvioni Astori, 2015). The abroad market and hierarchical circumstance for Harvey Norman is not quite the same as their nation of origin Australia. The Australian stores are under a diversified framework, whe

Will My Life Insurance Pay Out

Will My Life Insurance Pay Out Will My Life Insurance Pay Out? Will My Life Insurance Pay Out?Be prepared for when being prepared isn’t prepared enough.Thinking about your eventual death or the death of a loved one is not particularly fun, to say the least. But if you are a regular reader of the OppLoans Blog, you probably know making end-of-life plans early on can save you and your loved ones from extra heartache once the inevitable happens.One wise consideration to help prevent financial catastrophe â€" such as unexpected debt or personal loans â€" after the death of a family member is life insurance.On a basic level, a life insurance policy is taken out on a specific person and pays out upon their death. In exchange for regular premium payments during the individual’s life, a preset amount of money will be paid out from the insurance company to the designated beneficiary or beneficiaries. It can make a massive difference when it comes to costs associated with burial and medical debt, especially if the deceased was a primary earner.Unfortu nately, there are instances in which a life insurance policy may not pay out. It is important to familiarize yourself with those instances so you can minimize the odds of an unpleasant surprise at the worst possible time.Less cause for alarmFirst let us offer some good news after the initial gloom. While spending hours on the phone with an insurance representative shortly after losing someone you love would certainly be a nightmare, it is not as likely to happen as you might fear.“We have done a lot of research into this topic, analyzing schedule F of a company’s statutory statements where they must report how many claims are resisted each year,” says John Holloway, licensed life insurance agent and co-founder of the digital life insurance brokerage NoExam.com. “After reviewing the schedule F report for many of the largest life insurance companies, there are surprisingly few claims that are resisted.”Be honestWhen life insurance companies do resist paying out, the cause ci ted will often be misrepresentation by the policyholder.“One of the easiest ways for life insurance to not pay out to your beneficiary is if you were not 100% honest when answering the health questions on your application,” warns Matt Schmidt, CEO of Burial Insurance Pro. “If you pass away in the first two years of a policy, companies will contest the death benefit, and further investigate your health. In the event the insurance carrier discovers a material misrepresentation, they may refuse to pay the death benefit.There are a wide range of health questions you will be required to answer when you are applying for life insurance coverage. It may seem personal, but by being honest, you will lower your chance of issues down the line.“If you lied on your application, withheld important medical or health information, or intentionally provided inaccurate health or medical information, then this would be considered fraud,” explains Randy VanderVaate, owner and CEO of Funeral Fun ds. “Fraud can include not including past or current medications, smoking or nicotine use, dangerous hobbies, or current medical conditions on your life insurance application.”Noncovered cause of deathThere are multiple kinds of death that will let the insurance company off the hook. You will have to read through your specific policy to familiarize yourself with all of the particulars.“Some policies cover only some kinds of death,” says Kathryn Casna, a life insurance specialist with TermLife2Go. “Accidental death and dismemberment, for example, covers you only if you have an accident. If you die of cancer or heart disease, your beneficiaries will not receive the death benefit payout. If you want coverage for those causes, you will need to buy another policy.” Suicide or murder by a beneficiary may also void life insurance policies.Wait timesMany policies will not kick in immediately. It is vital to know if this is the case with your policy before you sign up for it.“S ome life insurance policies will have a waiting period whereby the contract specifically states that the insurance company will not pay out the death benefit for any nonaccidental death during this time,” says Anthony Martin, CEO and owner of Choice Mutual. “In general, a waiting period will last two to three years if there is one. For example, all guaranteed acceptance life insurance plans from any company will have a waiting period. Those policies have no health or lifestyle underwriting, so the issuing insurance company knows nothing about the health of the applicant. They have to impose a waiting period on those plans to prevent people on hospice care from buying them and collecting a big check within a few months.”Remember your paymentsFinally, the most obvious reason life insurance may not give you money is because you stopped giving money to them.“If you do not pay the premiums on a policy and the contract becomes inactive, then the policy will not pay,” Martin clar ifies. “You could have a policy for 20 years and never miss a payment. Then if you miss a payment and pass the carrier’s defined grace period, the policy will become inactive. If you passed away at this point, the carrier would not pay out the life insurance claim.”No one wants to dwell on death. But dwelling on the specifics of insurance contracts and law after a death is not any fun either. Do your best to plan ahead as best as possible.ContributorsKathryn Casna is a life insurance specialist with TermLife2Go.com.John Holloway is a licensed life insurance agent and co-founder of the digital life insurance brokerage NoExam.com. He co-founded NoExam.com in 2013 with the goal of simplifying the life insurance buying process.Anthony Martin is the founder and CEO of Choice Mutual, which is an online life insurance agency specializing in final expense insurance. He has been a licensed agent for almost 10 years and has personally placed more than   5000 policies in his career. Foll ow him @choice_mutual.Matt Schmidt  is a  burial insurance advisor, who helps families across the country obtain affordable burial insurance policies. These specific end-of-life policies help families cover funeral costs and other final expenses.Randy  VanderVaate is   president and owner of Funeral Funds based out of Dallas, Texas. Licensed in all 50 states, Funeral Funds specializes in affordable burial insurance, final expense insurance, and life insurance for people ages 50-85. His goal is to eliminate the financial burden that a funeral, cremation, or other final expenses place on family members after the death of a loved one. VanderVaate can be reached at  www.funeralfunds.com.

Do Children Need Compulsory Sex Education in Schools

Do Children Need Compulsory Sex Education in Schools Today all we hear about is growing quantity of abortions, kids getting pregnant, all kinds of sexual transmitted diseases being spread. Sexuality-connected problems are on the rise. What we need to think about is the cause and possible ways of changing the situation. Most people think that if there was more information on sexual relations, the number of these cases could probably be reduced to minimum. Sex education lessons can be the best solution to that. Teenagers would be able to get reliable information on the means of contraception, start of sexual life, abortions, venereal diseases and so on. On the other hand, all that stuff is very personal, and the way it is represented can have a huge impact on the kids future relationships and sexuality. It is very important to have the right way to deliver the information; moreover, there should be the right person to do it. Of course, you wont let a stranger iron you knickers, so how can you let him teach your child what the sex is. The appropriate teacher should have strong moral values, background in education or simply be a good and wise person. When most adults hear about sex education, the first thought that comes to their minds is â€Å"modern teenagers know more than we do about that†. I know one lady who used to think that she couldnt get pregnant when the moon was fool. However, even her small 5-year-old son proves she is wrong. But as for teenagers, their image of what is wrong and right when it comes to sex is based on very fragmentary information and mostly on gossips they spread among each other. Even though our society claims to be open-minded, most of the kids feel too embarrassed to come to adults with their doubts when it comes to sex. You will find significant dissimilarities on the problem of abstinence. 15 % of people in America think that colleges should instruct just about abstinence from sexual activity and cannot showcase the way to acquire and make use of condoms along with other pregnancy prevention measures. Moreover, sometimes institutions are expected to teach about homosexuality and correct attitude toward this fact. But can you be 100% sure that the opinion of the teacher who is leading the course will be equal to the one you have in your family? Never. Sex education lessons are definitely better than no information on this topic at all. It is wise to begin conversations on sexual topics at early age, in easy approaches, and after that let the kids find out more year after year. By doing so, the kids will believe that this is an organic and common knowledge, issues theyve know for a long time. But in my mind, it would be more effective if that knowledge came from the person whom a teenager can trust – like parents or close relatives.

Batter Women Syndrome- Domestic Violence Essay - 1097 Words

A justice-related issue that I see relevant to our society today is in relation to women who suffer from domestic violence/ battering. Batter Women Syndrome (BWS) has recently been reformed in the United States as the Batter Person Syndrome (BPS) to include men as potential victims of domestic violence/ batter. The term batter person syndrome has been recognized as a social issue and legal changes have taken place in the United States in order to protect individuals affected by domestic violence/ battering. My overall goal for this essay is to remind people of the historical origins behind this social issue, the advancements that have been made by our society in the legal system, and to suggest policy changes to improve the legal†¦show more content†¦What sets Francine Hughes as an important figure for obtaining awareness to domestic violence was the requesting to introduce expert Batter Women Testimony (BWT) in her court case. In 1984 Francine Hughes was acquitted from all charges when the defendant plead insanity defense at the time the act was committed. Due to domestic violence killing cases became more aware, the court decided that three general principles need to meet when the victimization took place. One: there was an imminence weapon (a weapon is of plain sight and the reaction must be an immediate one). Two: sufficient harm (prior acts of victimization had been occurring), three: reasonable (women or men should fear for their life and therefore in this act).In 2001 California made the changed of BWS to BPS where men can report battering and testify in court as experts witness. The changes made have in 2001 included the possibility of being charged with 1st degree man slaughter if the act committed was not justifiable. In present time we have seen a greater acceptance towards the fight against domestic violence/ battering. In 1994 congress passed The Violence against Women Act (VAWA). 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There is a lot I did not know when it came to women in the criminal justice system. As a male myself I could not see it from a women’s point of view. It is funny how a man actually was up there explaining to us what women go through while in the criminal justice system. I think it is really significant when someone advocates for someone, or a group who is not affected by their injustice. Dr. Joseph P. Conti presentationRead MoreEssay on Moral Implications of the Battered Woman Syndrome3168 Words   |  13 Pagesof the Battered Woman Syndrome The Battered Woman Syndrome, like the Cycle Theory of Violence, helps to illuminate the situation of the person victimized by domestic violence. However, it may also contribute to the violence of the battering situation. In this paper, I explore some of the implications of the Battered Woman Syndrome for domestic violence cases wherein an abused woman kills her abuser. I begin by delineating some of the circumstances of a domestic violence situation. I then discussRead MoreWhen Looking Into Battered Woman Syndrome It Is A Relatively1892 Words   |  8 Pages When looking into Battered Woman Syndrome it is a relatively new defense and standing point in the court of law compared to other methods. This defense has also gained a ton of scrutiny in its time as it is a very vague defense and can be used in a multitude of situations in which it does not exactly apply as it would to others. I personally feel that this defense can be very helpful to women who truly need it, and it provid es a cover for women who truly don’t need to be protected and need to

Uniformitarianism vs. Catastrophism Essay - 1017 Words

| Uniformitarianism vs. Catastrophism | Lara Anderson | | Dr. Travis Bradshaw | PHSC 201-A19 | For much of history, humans have grappled with the question: Where do we come from? Today there are two main houses of argument which have many different names. They are called secular and religious, evolutionists and creationists, humanists and theists. However, each house subscribes to its own idea of how the world has come about and progressed through history. The secular/evolutionist/humanist view point is that the earth happened through chance and time over billions of years of processes repeating themselves in the same way they do today, a view known as uniformitarianism. While the religious/creationist/theists claim that the†¦show more content†¦This was merely the adaption of Lyell’s theory of uniformitarianism to fit the living things on the planet. () Catastrophism There is no doubt that certain catastrophes have happened on Earth over its lifespan. Most scientists today who do not agree with Catastrophism as a theory agree that certain events have happened, such as asteroid collisions with Earth. We still see catastrophes occurring today in the form of tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes. However, the theory of catastrophism is that there have been massive catastrophes (one in particular) that have shaped the earth as we know and understand it to be today. () Catastrophists who are also Biblical Christians believe that the great flood of Noah is the main catastrophic event that affected everything from the layering of the fossils to the salinity of the ocean. Because the major base for catastrophism is creationism, since the time of Darwin, at least, most scientists have completely disregarded this theory as a possible explanation for the geological makeup of the earth. However, the theory has been gaining ground on the bases of new research and the questioning of long held scientific beliefs. Differences and Similarities Though the theories of Uniformitarianism and Catastrophism do not seem compatible in the least, there are a few similarities to be found. As stated earlier, the subscribers of uniformitarianism alsoShow MoreRelated2B study guide Essay7886 Words   |  32 Pagesmust exceed cost to be favored by natural selection (a) resource acquisition-hunt high energy food that takes longer to capture; specialize in specific food types- have access to food others can’t eat, but only survive in specific areas (hummingbird vs. goat example) (b) defense against herbivores or predators - plants develop thorns, poison ivy, etc and maybe not grow as tall. animals develop venoms or can have hard-body shells that cost them speed or energy that could be used for something elseRead MoreBIOLOGY GRADE 11 NOTES Essay examples6702 Words   |  27 Pagesevery cell of our body ïÆ'   Mitochondrial DNA is most commonly used to construct evolutionary trees (higher mutation rate) How Scientists Study Evolution Guppies When did humans lost body hair? ïÆ'   Analysis of lice Catastrophism Vs. Uniformitarianism Catastrophism Uniformitarianism Catastrophes periodically destroy species in one area, allowing other to move in Slow geological processes are operating today as they did in the past and are always changing the earth Lamarck The function creates

Third Party Intervention - 6591 Words

Third Party Intervention : Conflict Management In Islam Mohd Fuad Mohd Salleh, PhD. Faculty of Business Universiti Selangor. The role of third party in conflict resolution has never been refuted. Though conflict can be resolved by those in conflict, often there is a need for a third party intervention. The qualitative case study was used to uncover the effectiveness of Sulh in resolving conflict. The research findings suggested two main criteria for the basis of conflict resolution in Malay married couples: (1) inline with syariah and laws, and (2) mutual agreement. This study also found that in handling sulh negotiation, respondents had used cocus and empowerment as the methods to resolve conflicts. As mediators in the sulh†¦show more content†¦It is less costly compared to litigation (Roberts, 2002). Third Party Third party has been widely used in the Islamic community in Malaysia to handle family matters especially in marital dispute. They have played their role especially in resolving conflict including civil suit in Syariah Court (Osman, 1999). Previous research showed that third party has played it roles to resolve conflict among Malays. Some of the examples of the third party are, Imam or religious leader, Ketua Kampung (Village Head) and the Penghulu (Village Chief) (Syed Hussin, 1977, and Yaacob, 1991). These peoples became the advisor in the Malay tradition to help in resolving conflict. Most of the time they became the third party that is referred to, for any problem or occasion in the village. In the extended family, each family was not only depending on their close family, thus all of them were also considered as family (Yaacob, 1991). The implementation of Syariah Enactment as well as Islamic Family Law since 1880 then amended in 1885 did not isolate the role of those parties in any family matters (Ahmad Ibrahim, 1987 and Osman, 1999). Only after the implementation of Islamic Administration Enactment, the role of third party had shifted from those mentioned earlier to the Religious Officer appointed by the government. Skills A degree in Islamic Law is a basicShow MoreRelatedMediation in Third Party Intervention919 Words   |  4 PagesMediation in Third Party Intervention Communication and Conflict In cases of conflict where parties are having difficulty communicating or negotiating an outside help or third party can help the parties communicate effectively. Third parties1 act as a facilitator and help each side in analyze the conflict (Burgess, Burgess, 1998). Third party interventions are available in several forms. Informal third party intervention consists of helping parties with whom relationalRead MoreManagerial Interventions in Third Party Conflicts2034 Words   |  9 Pagesconflict: Third-party interventions for managers† delineates the essential steps followed by a manager in effectively and efficiently managing organizational conflict and the various approaches adopted for its resolution. It identifies certain key variables to consider for each step of the decision process concerning intervention and presents guidelines for making appropriate choices. It also describes a variety of pitfalls that a manager must beware of when intervening as third party in mana gingRead More Cost Benefit Analysis of Third-Party Intervention in Intrastate Conflict5457 Words   |  22 PagesAnalysis of Third-Party Intervention in Intrastate Conflict GIVEN THE RECENT PROLIFERATION OF INTRASTATE CONFLICT, THE ROLE OF THIRD-PARTY INTERVENTION HAS BECOME INCREASINGLY IMPORTANT TO THE PEACE AND SECURITY OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM. HOWEVER, THE ESCALATION OF VIOLENCE OFTEN ATTRIBUTED TO MILITARY FORMS OF INTERVENTION MAY HAVE SEVERE COSTS FOR BOTH THE TARGET OF INTERVENTION AND THE STATE CHOOSING TO INTERVENE. PAST LITERATURE HAS FOCUSED ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SUCH INTERVENTION WITHOUTRead MoreThird Party Intervention Strategies Of A Workers Compensation Case From Cook County, Illinois1903 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction This paper overlooks the third party intervention strategies of a workers compensation case from Cook County, Illinois. Third party refers to a person or team of people who become involved in a conflict to help the disputing parties manage or resolve it. Third parties could act as consultants, helping one side or both sides analyze the conflict and plan an effective response. In dealing with court cases, the third party intervener has evidence and representations are taken whole takenRead MoreReview Of Making And Keeping Peace 1676 Words   |  7 Pagesceasefire followed a consistent pattern of battle outcomes; and whether the war was â€Å"interrupted† by third-party pressure, resulting in a ceasefire. The primary assumption behind both variables is that if the agreement reflects â€Å"the belligerents’ convergent expectations about the military consequences† of continuing the war, it will be less likely to fail. Wars interrupted by third party intervention o r ended without a clear winner do not reveal enough information about the prospects of continuingRead MoreEssay on Lincoln Hospital834 Words   |  4 Pagesunwilling to remove Mary from her position. The president is faced with a difficult choice. Therefore, he directed Mary and Don to come together and resolve their problems. A skilled consultant was brought in as a neutral third party. The third-party facilitation intervention designed to help Don and Mary improve their working relationship included perceptions sharing, problem identification, contracting, and follow-up (Cummings 301). Specifically, Mary and Don responded in writing to three questions:Read MoreStrategic Intervention And Its Impact On Business Essay949 Words   |  4 Pagesrelentlessly drive it to completion– with a little intervention along the way (Jack Welch) â€Å"Strategic intervention is planned, deliberate, and focused effort to improve business or organization growth, relevance, viability; as this systematic implementation of change is intended to impact business basics; beliefs, attitudes, values, cultural challenge in the current business structure (BizShifts-Trends, 2012 par. 1).† Most importantly, strategic intervention is used to facilitate severe change in organizationsRead MoreInternship Report1052 Words   |  5 Pagesthe North West Shelf. †¢ Maintained compliance with QHSE policies, standards, processes and workplace safe Operating Procedures (SOP’s.) †¢ Prepared and tracked Permit to Work (PTW) in Integrated Safe System of Work (ISSoW) for all offshore well intervention activities. †¢ Coordinated and monitored the permit process, ensuring all applications for permits were completed properly, including relevant and supporting documentation. †¢ Verified isolations and other permit related items, and carried out auditsRead MoreWhat Situations Do You Believe Intervention Should Be Mandated? Voluntary?1742 Words   |  7 Pagesyou believe intervention should be mandated? Voluntary? This student believes that intervention should be mandated if the conflict or situation at hand rises to a level which could lead to physical and sometimes irreparable harm of one of the involved parties. A mandated intervention in this situation can be used to redirect negative communication and negative goals in an effort to restore a level of positive conflict resolution. In this student’s opinion an Organizational Intervention should be mandatoryRead MoreThird Party Conflict Resolution Paper1408 Words   |  6 PagesPhoenix Third Party Conflicts MGT 445-Organizational Negotiations Third Party Conflicts In this last week’s paper, we will study a case that has strong conflicts and we will see how we can analyze the possible intervention strategies used to solve the case. We will apply what we deem is the best plan and explain what would be the best strategy to find a solution to this conflict. We will utilize the seven stages of negotiation and see which of the five major negotiation intervention strategies

The Video Gaming Industry - 1209 Words

The world we live in has changed dramatically over the last thirty years with the invention of the internet, smart phones, and video gaming systems. The world we live in now was unimaginable and the technology advances we have made are remarkable. Video game consoles and how we as a society play them has changed dramatically since the beginning of gaming in the 1970’s. Over the last decade there have been many arguments concerning video games such as too much violence, obesity, addiction, social wellbeing, and many other health related issues. Video games also have some advantages to include hand eye coordination, a strategic mind set, educational and teach life lessons to the players. However, video games do cause more harm than good†¦show more content†¦That is a problem with our generation and probably future generations as well. Bissell admits that â€Å"a good game attracts you with its melodrama and hypnotizes you with elegant gameplay. In effect, this t urns you into a galley slave who enjoys rowing.† Gamers lose track of time and just imagine a parent so involved in this kind of game, what could be happening with their children. They can also enter a cycle of isolation whereas a non-gamer would dedicate time to family or to other functional responsibilities. A gamer dedicates all the time to improve their game. Besides the mental aspect of playing video games the physical concerns such as obesity, insomnia, and other body ailments. â€Å"More than 60% of Americans are considered overweight or obese, including an estimated 25 million children.† (Parks) Obesity is a leading concern because â€Å"Addiction to video games hampers the health of an individual to a great extent. It is often very difficult to cure the ills that are caused by incessant gaming. Addicted gamers often face these problems because they tend to sit in one place for a long time and hence their body practically misses out on any kind of physi cal activity. Being overweight may increase the risk of developing other ailments in the long run such as high levels of cholesterol, diabetes, hypertension and so on. (DSilva) Back pain, restless leg syndrome, blood clots, seizures, eye strain and carpal tunnel are all health concerns andShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of The Video Gaming Industry1424 Words   |  6 PagesElectronic Arts, EA, is a company within the video gaming industry and a field I’ve been interested in joining. After viewing several different video gaming company career sites EA was the company that stood out the most. EA uses great navigability, atheistic, and personal stories that draw in candidates making EA the winner for having the best career page. A few improvements that EA can make to their website in order to make their career website stand out more would be to their applicant trackingRead MoreVideo Games And The Gaming Industry Essay1543 Words   |  7 PagesSince the arcade craze of the 1980s, the gaming industry has grown tremendously. Companies, such as Nintendo, Bethesda, and Rovio, develop game after game, and due to gaming’s rising popularity, their games are made more accessible, with consoles in homes and apps on smart phones. Accompanying this surge in gaming, the idea of the stereotypical gamer has come to life. Most often, people who oppose video games do so on the notion that the average gamer is overweight, living in his grandmother’s basementRead MoreVideo Games And Its Impact On The Gaming Industry916 Words   |  4 Pagesthat a gaming computer instead of a gaming console is the practical alternative. I persuade gamers to stop pouring their money into these gaming consoles, instead purchase or build a gaming computer. I will discuss how a gaming computer is a better purchase than a gaming console because of improved graphics, financial gain, upgrade compatibility, versatile controller options, game selections, learning opportunities, and alte rnative capabilities. You may be thinking, I’m not interesting gaming or It’sRead More Competition and Innovation in the Video Gaming Industry959 Words   |  4 Pages3) Based on your reading of Malerba, F. 2007. â€Å"Innovation and the dynamics and evolution of industries: Progress and challenges† International Journal of Industrial Organization, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 675- ¬Ã¢â‚¬ 699, choose an industry and describe how its structure and current state of emergence affect competition and innovation. Video games have had high demand over the past decade. Many titles such Call Of Duty and Grand Theft Auto make billions of dollars in profits. (1) What began as a small marketRead MoreThe Impact Of Video Games On The Gaming Industry2500 Words   |  10 Pagespoints out that history of video games begins from 1971 year, when Nutting association released 1500 machines with Spacewar video game. At the beginning it was too difficult to control the game process and playing machines had huge dimensions. But by the time with new technologies they become more compact and easier to play. According to the information given by Herman et all (2002), the period between the years of 1978-1981 is called ‘golden age’ of video game industry. In this period the arcadeRead MoreThe Video Gaming Industry : Microsoft, Sony, And Nintendo1828 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction: For several years now, the video gaming industry has been in a lockdown between three giant corporates – Microsoft, Sony, and Nintendo. For most part of the industry’s history these three firms have been competing endlessly for higher market share, more customers, and outselling each other. This form of competition can best be called a Red Ocean. Red oceans refer to the known market space – all the industries in existence today. In red oceans, industry boundaries are clearly delineated andRead MoreThe History Of Video Gaming1218 Words   |  5 PagesThe history of video gaming goes back to the 1940’s when academics began designing simple games, simulations and artificial intelligence programs for computer science research. The first video game was invented in 1947 by Thomas T. Goldsmith Jr. and Esti Ray Mann in the United States (James n.d.). Mainstream popularity of this industry only occurred four decades ago, in the 1970’s, with gaming beginning to revolutionize in all forms. Many university graduates and businesses were becoming intriguedRead MoreFive Forces Analysis of the Video Game Industry943 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of the Video Game Industry The video game industry is the economic sector involved with the development, marketing and sale of video and computer games. It includes video game consoles, game software, handheld devices, mobile games and online games. The video gaming industry has been growing exponentially in recent years with Sony, Microsoft and Nintendo competing for the higher profits in the market. This essay will analyze each of the five forces acting on the industry: threat of newRead MoreVideo Game Industry Analysis Essay1698 Words   |  7 PagesIndustry background The video game industry (formally referred to as interactive entertainment) is the economic sector involved with the development, marketing and sale of video and computer games. It includes video game consoles, game software, handheld devices, mobile games and online games. The video gaming industry has been growing exponentially in recent years. The growth is expected to leap-frog in the future. Following chart shows the projected market share by 2010 of different segmentRead MoreVideo Gaming Technology Can Be Beneficial Essay1741 Words   |  7 PagesVideo Gaming Technology can be Beneficial Student’s Name Institutional affiliation Video Gaming As a concerned parent, one would easily feel coaxed to venture into analyzing every aspect of the child s welfare from a day-to-day perspective. There is a common concern over what the kids play around with as well as the impacts created upon the receiver. Similarly, the use of video gaming presents a common challenge as to whether the games are of benefit or not in the educational system

The Compromise Of 1850 Free Essays

At the close of the Mexican War, in 1848, the United States owned a lot of territory without local government (all the land now included in New Mexico, Arizona, and California was then unsettled). Then in 1848 gold was found in California. Thousands of people joined the gold rush and in a few months about 80,000 of them had settled in California to hunt for gold. We will write a custom essay sample on The Compromise Of 1850 or any similar topic only for you Order Now To keep control of these settlements, an government was needed, so California asked to be admitted to the Union as a free state, but the South would not allow this, the North was also not going to allow California into the Union as a slave state, so Senator Henry Clay decided that he would make a compromise both sides could live with, he said each side should give in to something the other side wanted. Eventually after Clay s Omnibus Bill failed to pass, five separate acts were passed. These acts would become known as the Compromise of 1850. Basically, the North should allow New Mexico and Utah to organize as territories with popular sovereignty and give the South a stronger fugitive slave law. The South should accept California as a free state and allow the end of slave trade in Washington DC. For most of 1850, Congress debated. Clay had the support of the North, including Stephen Douglas and Daniel Webster. In Webster’s famous Seventh of March speech, he declared that slave labor could never be profitable in New Mexico and that the North would lose nothing by granting this concession. He felt that it was not necessary to bar slavery by law of Congress; it was already excluded by â€Å"the law of nature. † The North was opposed by the Southern states, led by John C. Calhoun, who at the time was dying and was so sick that his speeches had to be read by someone else. The Compromise of 1850. There were five parts to the Compromise of 1850. The first was the Texas-New Mexico Act. It was the most important of the five. It made New Mexico a territory, gave some of Texas (the Santa Fe region) to New Mexico, and allowed for popular sovereignty there. This bill was passed on September 9, 1850. The second part allowed California into the Union as a free state. This bill was also passed on September 9, 1850. The third part was the Utah Act, which was also passed on September 9, 1850. It made Utah a territory and allowed popular sovereignty to decide the slavery issue. On September 18, the New Fugitive Slave Act was passed, forcing all law enforcement officers in the North and South, to help return fugitive slaves. There were penalties for helping fugitive slaves. The last act passed on September 20, abolishes slave trade in Washington DC. Clay had intended to give each act separately to Congress and had only made the Omnibus Bill (combining all of the acts into one bill) because he wanted to make sure there would be no veto by President Taylor. The Omnibus Bill could not make it passed Congress because the Northerners wouldn t accept the Fugitive Slave Act, or allow for popular sovereignty, and the Southerners wouldn t allow California in as a free state or allow the size of Texas to be reduced. After the Omnibus Bill failed, Clay went on vacation in Newport, Rhode Island and Stephen Douglas took over control of the compromise. When Douglas broke up Clay s plan into five separate bills, all of them passed. Although Clay originally wrote the acts, it was really Douglas, not Clay, who made the laws acceptable to both sides. The different parts needed different areas of the United States to give in. Northerners from both parties, and Whigs from boarder states approved the admission of California, the abolition of the slave trade in Washington, and the adjustment of the Texas boarder. Southerners and Northern Democrats passed the Fugitive Slave Law and organized Utah and New Mexico without restrictions on slavery (Brown, 192-193). Neither side really gave in, but people hoped it would end the dispute on slavery. Northern Reactions. The North had not paid much attention to the Fugitive Slave Act when it was being put through Congress. Their main concern had been the admission of California, popular sovereignty, and the Texas boarder. But when the Northerners heard about the new things they would have to do to prevent runaway slaves from escaping, they were very angry. It created resistance and as a result Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle Tom s Cabin. When Fillmore became president the government began to put down local resistance to the Fugitive Slave Law. Controversy also declined because the number of African Americans returned to the South fell by two-thirds in the second year under the law, in part because so many blacks had resettled in Canada. The Free Soil Party, which had received about 10 percent of the vote in the presidential election of 1848, received only about half as much in 1852 (Brown, 193). Southern Reactions. The Southern reaction was not as well known, but it was more dangerous to the Union. The radicals in the south held the Nashville Convention in June of 1850 decided to meet after the compromise to discuss policy, but in November of 1850 when they met the second time, only a few people attended. Unionists still had a lot of control in the South. The governors in Georgia and Mississippi were Unionists, and fourteen of the nineteen congressmen from Georgia, Mississippi, and Alabama were Unionists. Even in South Carolina (the state that had the strongest disunionist population) the voters voted to stay in the union by a large amount. Some states accepted the Georgia Platform of 1850, saying that they would give resistance and secede if Congress made more Antislavery Acts. The compromise also left political parties fighting one another. The Southern Whigs were separated from the rest of the Whigs because the Northern Whigs led the fight against slavery in the Mexican cession and controlled Whig president Zachary Taylor. Repairing the intersectional bonds of party politics would be crucial to cementing loyalty to the Union (Brown, 193). How to cite The Compromise Of 1850, Essay examples

The Controversy of Cloning free essay sample

A look at cloning from a moral and ethical perspective. This paper discusses the new emerging technology of cloning. The author looks at the scientific advantages and moral implications of this new phenomenon. Only four years after scientists cloned a sheep in Scotland, the ability to clone human beings is about to make the transition from science fiction to science fact. In recent news, announcements have been made regarding both the advancement of technology to clone and the interests expressed by some to utilize this technology. One such case is of an American couple who lost their 10-month old child to complications during a minor operation. Instead of having another child, they wanted this child. The couple felt that their little sons genotype deserved another chance (Talbot 40). We will write a custom essay sample on The Controversy of Cloning or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The couple, well financed with money from a malpractice settlement, enlisted a science-loving religious sect called the Raelians to take frozen cells from their deceased child and make every attempt to clone him (Talbot 40). The issue of cloning humans is possibly the greatest controversy ever, as it will have the farthest-reaching effects on the world well into the future and there is a clear divide in society when the issue of cloning arises. Many support its use, while others cringe at the thought. Cloning technology is a fascinating prospect with firm roots in medical science and a strong footing in controversy as well, and responsible use will further advance higher knowledge and health.

The Roaring 20s Essays - American Culture, Canadian Culture

The Roaring 20s INTRODUCTION The Twenties wan a decade which condidted of many well know events and famous people. In which made the twenties part of out history today, such events and people that made history in the twenties were Al Capone the well mnow mafia leader from Chicago, Charlie Chaplain of the silent movies, the annual Montreal Carninval in Canada, and the 60th anniversary of canada in 1927. But these events and people are only a quarter of the history help in the 1920's. ENTERTAINMENT Entertainment in the Twenties consisted of many famous people, it was in the twenties when a man by the name of Walt "Elias" Disney (1901-66) a cartoonest born in Chicago, in which he later graduated and later started his own animation company which he introduced Disney's most popular ans enduring cartoon characters "MICKEY MOUSE" in 1928. During the twenties MICKEY entertained Canadians in such films as "Steam Boat Willie" (1928). Other great cartoon films done be Disney include "Skeleton Dance" in (1929). The silent movies of the twenties is nothing to compaire with the voiced movies we have today. The actors had to show alot of facial and bady expressions to get the veiwers to understand what was happening in the film. The most talented actor's in the twenties were Charlie Chaplai who was known for his "tramp" look, Keaton with his stone facial expressions (because he showed no emotion) and the famous romatic Radolph Valintino. These three and many more entertained Canadians through the twenties. In 1926 the voice era was coming in effect by Warner Brothers by the Vitaphone. In 1927 Warner Brothers finally completed the first sound picture called "The Jazz Singer" To canadains evenings were not spent infront of t.v. Instead they would listen to the radio. One for the radio stations listened to was CKCL. They would listen to mostly music and live plays. Most of the music they listened to was Jazz, and of course those were the days of the popular ballroom dancing with the big bands. Other ways of entertainment were by newspapers and books, One of the novels was "Strange Fugitives". Back in the twenties Canadains authors produced 50 best sellins Fashion When the first world war ended a new stage was set for a new fashion. Such signs of fashion change was already happening. The loosening of fit and gradual downward movement of te wasteline. In the twenties women could say and do what they please so in no time women were wearing make-up be max factor which was a house hold name and wearing bobbed hair styles which made them look exotic. In 1924 women changed there hair styles to short so they can wear cloches . Street choes switched to highbuttoned to low cut pumps and saddle oxfords. Socks went from balck and white wool to cotton,to beige silk and rayon. Socks became really noticable when the skirts gradually became shorter . 1923 arrived and so did the new style of skirt which now went from ankle to middle of calf. Men would have worn double breast suits,lose set of pockets or they would wear cardigans and khaki pants to match there socks or visa-versa. The children had a style of there own. For the boys they wore trousers and shirt which had a khaki appearance. As for the girls they had khaki skirt and a top with a full pleated waist band. People People of the twenties were not all rich and but even the poor found a way in having fun and living confortably. The average home would have a wood stove which kept the house warm and cook their meals. To supply the head in the house they would have to spend hours cutting down wood due to electrical power hasn't come to their villages yet, but to them this is a good life. Usually the new immigrants that come over from different countries stayed together as a family and helped each other in paying the rent and for food. Such gatherings that happened during the twenties were the annual Taxi picnic and the famous Montreal carnival which hosted the annual winter beauty contest. Also the Canadian winters were fun for kids big and small. The twenties were a time of poor poverty so the people stuck together as one. Conclusion I conclude that the twenties were hard on poor people and good for rich people, but the twenties were more than two different sides, it was a decade of great joy and happenings. They were

Argumentative Sociology Essay Samples

Argumentative Sociology Essay SamplesArgumentative sociology essay samples are one of the major types of essay help that you can obtain. This is a very important writing help and if you plan to submit your essay for an exam then it is the best option available. Your writing skills will improve and you will be able to make a unique contribution in the group if you use this writing help. These writing samples are very useful and they are also more effective.Many people do not know how to make their essays more effective but then, you will find out that by utilizing these writing samples, you can make it better. If you want to learn how to do this, you should start looking for argumentative sociology essay samples. This help will help you to customize your writing and make it more unique. It will make your essay different and provide it with value. Using this help, you will be able to create an interesting article and present it in a unique way.Now, you should get hold of some argumenta tive sociology essay samples so that you can use it to make your essay unique. The sample that you use is the one that matches your writing style. Once you get hold of the sample, you should customize your essay according to the guide that you get from the study guide.Most of the editors who will hire you will know that you have an ability to customize your essay by using the argumentative sociology essay samples. In other words, these samples are quite helpful to you if you have a knack to read between the lines. They help you in making your article more original.These are writing help which will teach you how to modify your writing and make it unique and appealing. You should get hold of the quality argumentative sociology essay samples that will suit your writing style. If you do this, then your writing style will become more distinctive and you will be able to enhance your own skill level.The essay should not just be limited to students. For example, an old man might have issues with a paper that is written by a teenager or an employer might consider an employee's opinion to be obsolete. All of these situations are most likely to happen when people use any type of essay help. Hence, you should get hold of essay help that fits your style and do not be afraid to use it.Use the argumentative sociology essay samples and create an interesting and unique essay. This writing help will help you in making your paper memorable and unique.

Plato Vs. Aristotle Essays - Ontology, Ancient Greek Philosophers

Plato Vs. Aristotle Essays - Ontology, Ancient Greek Philosophers Plato Vs. Aristotle Aristotle refutes Plato's Theory of Ideas on three basic grounds: that the existence of Ideas contradicts itself by denying the possibility of negations; that his illustrations of Ideas are merely empty metaphors; and that they theory uses impermanent abstractions to create examples of perception. Though the theory is meant to establish concrete standards for the knowledge of reality, Aristotle considers it fraught with inconsistencies and believes that the concept of reality depends upon all forms' correlations to other elements. Ideas, Plato believes, are permanent, self-contained absolutes, which answered to each item of exact knowledge attained through human thought. Also, Ideas are in Plato's view concrete standards by which all human endeavor can be judged, for the hierarchy of all ideas leads to the highest absolute - that of Good. In addition, the theory claims that states of being are contingent upon the mingling of various Forms of existence, that knowledge is objective and thus clearly more real, and that only the processes of nature were valid entities. However, Aristotle attacks this theory on the grounds that Plato's arguments are inconclusive either his assertions are not al all cogent. Aristotle says, or his arguments lead to contradictory conclusions. For example, Aristotle claims that Plato's arguments lead one to conclude that entities (such as anything man-made) and negations of concrete ideas could exist - such as non-good in opposition to good. This contradicts Plato's own belief that only natural objects could serve as standards of knowledge. Also, Aristotle refutes Plato's belief that Ideas are perfect entities unto themselves, independent of subjective human experience. Ideas, Aristotle claims, are not abstractions on a proverbial pedestal but mere duplicates of things witnessed in ordinary daily life. The Ideas of things, he says, are not inherent to the objects in particular but created separately and placed apart from the objects the mselves. Thus, Aristotle says, Plato's idea that Ideas are perfect entities, intangible to subjective human experience, is meaningless, for all standards are based somewhere in ordinary human activity and perception. Thirdly, Aristotle assails Plato's efforts to find something common to several similar objects at once, a perfect exemplar of the quality those things share. Beauty is a perfect example; Plato considered Beauty both a notion and an ideal, isolated by abstractions and fixed permanently while its representatives fade away. Aristotle claims that abstractions like Beauty cannot be cast as absolutes, independent of temporal human experience; the Idea of Beauty changes with time and individual perceptions and cannot (as Plato felt) exist forever as a concrete standard. Plato and Aristotle reach some agreement, though, on the topic of reality. Plato believes that all reality was derived from his Ideas (which themselves dealt with concrete hierarchy of rational ideas. St. Ansel m, though, makes the most dogmatic and logically tortuous case for God's existence, relying not upon explanations of goodness, truth, or rational order of ideas but upon an absurd argument. He claims that everyone has some sense of God, and he claims that for one to deny God's existence is an invalid and contradictory assertion; therefore, God exists. Also, Anselm believes that those capable of understanding God cannot believe that he does not exist - as if the enormity of the idea was so clear than only a fool could not perceive it. His arguments seem the weakest of the four viewpoints here, for they are riddled with dogma and assume that God is a constant - using faith alone. Anselm considers faith paramount to logic or other forms of thought and asks no questions as to what powers the universe or what goodness is - he basically follows the Christian party line too closely to be valid. In general, St. Augustine combines Plato's idea of a moral hierarchy with his own rational obser vations of truth and goodness being embodied in their highest form by God. While Plato wavers on God's superiority, Aristotle views man as god's pawn, and Anselm uses tortuous dogmatic logic, Augustine's arguments seem to make the most sense from not only a Christian point of view but from a moral and rational one as well. The philosophies of Plato, Aristotle, St. Augustine, and St. Anselm on the existence of God all vary on

How to Become a Health Information Technician

How to Become a Health Information Technician It used to be that when you’d walk into a doctor’s office, behind the desk there’d be shelves and shelves of bulky patient files, organized alphabetically with neat color-coded tabs. The busier the office, the bigger and more packed those rows of shelves would be. As we move toward a more digital life in general, medical records are following suit- healthcare providers and hospitals are moving patient data off the shelves and into secure databases. These changes call for health information technicians who manage the transition to electronic medical records and maintain the crucial information on a daily basis. Day-to-Day of the JobHealth information technicians organize, analyze, and maintain patient health information on an ongoing basis. This includes patient background information, information about in-office procedures and tests, and treatment plans. The health information technician is responsible for updating and coding this information in different systems , often using different medical vocabularies and classification systems to make sure that the information is everywhere it needs to be accessible to doctors, nurses, other medical professionals as appropriate, and billing systems. Above all, this info needs to be accurate and secure. (If your personal motto is, â€Å"close enough,† then this career path may not be for you.)This administrative position is typically a 9-to-5 kind of job, with potential overtime in some cases (especially in hospitals or urgent care centers). Health information technicians usually work in hospitals or medical practices, healthcare agencies, and a variety of medical office settings.Job RequirementsThis job typically requires a high school degree at minimum, with an associate’s degree preferred in many cases. Many health information professionals opt for certifications such as the Registered Health Information Technician (RHIT) and Registered Health Information Administrator (RHIA), which bo th require passing a national exam. Certification requirements can depend on location, so be sure to read up on your own state’s rules.Skills You’ll NeedBeing a health information technician pulls a number of different skills together, such as strong organizational skills, technical savvy, and the ability to handle confidential data. Attention to detail is essential, as incorrect information can have major consequences for patient healthcare. A background in information technology can be helpful, as is basic knowledge of finance or medical billing. Also, medical environments are often hectic and fast-paced, so candidates should be prepared to work in a variety of conditions.Pay to ExpectPer the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the median salary of health information technicians is $35,900.The OutlookHealthcare careers are undoubtedly hot right now. The BLS expects that the demand for health information technicians will grow by 15% by 2022, which is much faster th an average. As more and more medical offices make the switch to digital records, this particular area will be one of the biggest growth areas in the medical administration world.

Marketing Plan of PepsiCo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marketing Plan of PepsiCo - Essay Example The researcher states that the PepsiCo trades a large range of brand including Pepsi cola, diet Pepsi, Doritos and Lipton teas among others. However, the company faces a stiff completion from the Coca-Cola and draft foods both of which are making marketing path in America, Europe and Asia. According to William and Robert the company must deal with a number of local brands and guarantee the loyalty of customer’s demands. Thus, PepsiCo’s marketer must persistently research on customer’s preferences and study the impact of environmental forces to develop the precise marketing mix for the right market. The company has released that most of the populace suffer from health predicaments; thus, it has developed a new product that will meet the healthier eating habit of customers. The walkers’ snacks are the new product in the market, characterized by their low sodium content. The product was discovered to meet the United Kingdom’s campaign to warn customer s on the risks involved in the intake of high contents of salt. The company took the incentive of introducing this product that would capture the rising demand of customers to change their diets to something healthier in the market. In order to market the walker’s snacks in the market, PepsiCo Company has commenced reducing the level of salt in several other snacks worldwide. By so doing, the customers will opt for the company’s product, and consequently they purchase the new product among others. Meanwhile, it is discoursing usage of fats and sugar by making labeling more prominent so that customers can make educated choices. According to Justin and Longenecker (2011, 69), this strategy is extremely advantageous to the company in marketing the new product because it captures the customer’s confidence of the products offered in the market. When customers are convinced of the quality of the other products of PepsiCo, it will be easy for them to appreciate and acc ept the new product easily. Cheverton (2005, P. 57) indicate that the company via intensive research noticed that there was a higher use of digital media among young adults and youth that would be a large and productive target market for the new product. Thus, the company will use the internet, Facebook, twitter to communicate with customers and influence these customers on the significant of the product. It will allow customers to vote online for the new product will promote the product among the marketing mix in the market. The company will run contents asking customers to form and submit homemade television commercials for the new product in the market. The company has combined the digital marketing with social responsibility in that it will invite the customers to apply online for grants that would change their society. Roberts (2011, P.57) indicate that the strategy will make the customers notice and respond to its social responsibility and promote the buying decision of the ne w product in the market due to the earned positive image of the company. The marketing research done on the customer’s preference and demands in various countries will maintain a steady stream of new product introduced in the market. Financial management The impressive marketing strategies of the PepsiCo Company would make the introduction of the walkers snack in the market success. The company aimed to realize revenue of one million just 25 days after the product is introduced in the market. However, the new product is rarely an immediate success due to the challenges encountered during marketing. Thus, the Pepco marketers would be extremely keen in the purchasing pattern of the customers. The company should constantly modify product prices.

Terrorism in gobal world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Terrorism in gobal world - Essay Example This paper seeks to examine some of the advantages of coercion as an instrument of counterterrorism policy. The paper will draw from examples where coercion has been applied to extract information regarding terrorism. As a counterterrorism policy instrument, coercion has some significant advantages that accompany it. Coercion plays the role of deterrence and preventing any likelihood of terrorists to engage in criminal activities. For example, the United States counterterrorism strategy and policy advocates for the intimidation of suspects through the use of coercion and force. In its counterterrorism policy, the United States advocates for the capturing of suspects and holding them prisoners (Bolz et al., 2005). Besides, the US advocates for the application of forceful means to get information from terrorists. Such coercion works since no terrorist dares engage in terrorist activities due to the harsh conditions attributed with coercion. Most governments perceive the use of coercion as an effective way of fighting terrorism. There may be a tendency to rely on threats of punishment as a way of countering the likelihood of terrorist attacks. For example, such acts as kidnapping terrorists with a view to extract information play an essential role of punishment. Through such strategies, the terrorist will provide information, which can help in the prevention of a terrorist attack. Strategies such as cover and overt paramilitary and military action play an essential role in pre-empting and preventing terrorist groups (Crank & Patricia 2005, p. 26). Coercion can also be effective when gathering information from countries and people believed to be harboring terrorists. Through coercion, people who harbor terrorists fear the consequences of being caught. As a result, they tend to refrain from harboring dangerous terrorist groups that may pose a danger to the world. For example, the United States applies trade sanctions on countries believed to host

Caterpillars International Strategy

Caterpillars International Strategy Caterpillars International Strategy The domain of international business theory contains an overwhelming array of perspectives and dimensions. International business (IB) definitions and assumptions are as diverse and ambiguous as their sources. Approaches to IB have established the fundamental perspectives as being global or organisational, but the content of these areas are immense. The development of the global approach, or more correctly labelled as ‘macro (Rugman and Hodgetts 2000. pp. 24), has recently evolved in the 1990s as a result of the mixed organisational orientated approaches, otherwise labelled as ‘micro. This discussion takes the form of analysing Caterpillar in the international business arena by highlighting issues and theories that relate initially to the wider macro environment, then specifically towards Caterpillar as an organisation. The selected definition of IB for the basis of this discussion has been taken from an opening statement. This being ‘transactions taking place across national boarders (Rugman and Hodgetts 2000 pp. 5). This simple statement is considered sufficient to incorporate its entirety, however the recognition of the multi dimensional perspectives and their interrelatedness needs to be comprehended. The aim of this discussion is to explain the international strategy of Caterpillar by using its context as a platform for applying relevant literature. Caterpillar history For clarity reasons it is considered necessary to offer a brief introduction to Caterpillar. They have been established in the construction equipment industry for over 75 years and recorded $20.45 billion turnover in 2001 (annual report 2001). Their main products are divided as machinery with 58% of sales, engines with 33%, and financial products with 9%. The mission statement of Caterpillar is to ‘be the global leader in customer value; this clearly indicates the attention to a high quality of service as being their competitive edge. This service is integrated through a sophisticated network of 1840 locations across all six continents, of these; Caterpillar has foreign direct investment (FDI) in 255 locations. The corporate strategy for the future is to bolster their leadership in the market through initiatives labelled by Data monitor (2003) and the annual report (2001) as being ‘profitable growth, championing continuous quality improvement, aggressively reducing costs, and developing an integrated e-business. In attempting to understand the reality of Caterpillars strategy, theories are applied to offer explanations behind the corporate publishings.  The critical success factors associated with Caterpillar are primarily their h3 brand; this is then supported by network and service capabilities that represent reliability and consistency. Caterpillar is also renowned for product innovation; they have continually innovated which has contributed to the brand and reputation. The international market responds to positive brand vales because the nature of the industry requires trust and relationships. The macro factors present are unlimited in the current dynamic world but the important perspectives are structured as political, economic, technological and social. The elements of these perspectives are selected according to the importance for Caterpillar; therefore they are discussed in this context with reference to relevant literature. The political climate is continuously being developed and negotiated amongst the nationalities that exercise power. The current instabilities are dominated by the differences in opinion over the Palestine conflict and the Iraqi situation. As Caterpillar is active across the globe, its operations would need to be sensitively applied so that the local governments are appreciated. The situation of Caterpillar is slightly precarious due to the fact that in political terms, the Americans are seen as the bullying nation, which is a mentality that ideally Caterpillar would like to distance themselves from. On the other hand, the American political objective may provide an opportunity as reconstruction and other Caterpillar products may experience an increase in demand as a result of the speculated war (eg. tank engines and construction products). This circumstance for Caterpillar represents a relations nightmare because in the home country it would need to communicate support in line with t he public opinion, and in the host countries it may benefit from addressing the local perspective. E.g. the activities in China would be adjusted as to address the sensitive issues to ensure sustainability, rather than inhibiting ill feelings from enforcing the ‘American way. Global political situations are important to Caterpillar because they could gain first mover advantage by moving into recently opened markets such as China. The extent that a region is privatised or Lasses-faire is of interest to Caterpillar because it would aid the process of negotiating a relationship. It would be beneficial for Caterpillar to tailor management to either foreign governments or foreign organisations. IB massively influences the macroeconomic environment. The recent conception is that IB is predominately concentrated around three regions rather than integrating the world. This can be seen through the development of trade blocs that encourages IB amongst its members. The most significant research into this economic environment highlights the triad perspective as being dominant. The triad perspective as explained by Rugman (2001) states that the world economy and FDI is based around Europe, America and Japan, this also extends to FDI clusters, namely Eastern Europe, Latin America and the Pacific rim, that are supported by the dominant triad member. The evolution of this economic environment has matured into a three way economic power base that contributes significantly to the adopted international strategy. The conclusions drawn from Rugmans (2001) research appear to dismiss the argument of a global strategy because an organisation like Caterpillar would only have to accommodate the triad perspectives as opposed to incorporating worldwide responsiveness. The analysis of the macroeconomic environment also includes a consideration of the currency markets, and in particular the value of the US dollar against Caterpillars large foreign investments. Caterpillars largest FDI is in Japan; therefore the continual decline in the economy influenced the strategic decision to operate financially in the Japanese market instead of exposing themselves to exchange rate risk. In theoretical terms this strategic decision is known as ‘currency diversification (Rugman Hogetts 2000 pp. 203). On the other hand Caterpillar has a favourable impact from the sales in other currencies, primarily trading with Euros and the Australian Dollar against the weaker US Dollar. The macro social issues relevant to Caterpillar are identified as originating from the animosity felt by the east towards the west. These issues include the resistance of the east in adopting the ‘western way, this then extends into the business sector where an international business strategy involves a high degree of managing through different social contexts. This is supported by Gesteland (1999 pp. 27) who demonstrates the concept of ‘deal first or relationship first. A relevant example of this in terms of Caterpillar is highlighted by Peppas (2002. pp. 52), which suggests that ‘differences were found in terms of attitude towards a code of ethics. Caterpillar places a heavy bias towards its ‘code of conduct, but is this sufficient to address social issues in international business. At present these publications are not enough, as pointed out by Mokhiber and Weissman (2002 pp. 12). This opinion labelled Caterpillar as a ‘bad apple because its ‘D- 9 bulldozer is used by Israeli military to carry out its programme of ‘home destruction, this is directly inconsistent with the ‘code of conduct (2000 pp. 2) which states that it ‘uses our strength and resources to improve, and in some cases rebuild, the lives of our neighbours. Another important social issue involves the rate of investment into the developing world. The recent trend has been to transfer manufacturing to developing countries, which has stimulated construction and booming economies. This suggests that the international market place is dynamic and evolving, which should influence Caterpillar to adapt in emerging markets and control in mature ones. This idea is also interrelated with the triad perspective, it could be advised that Caterpillar enter the clusters with triad adapted strategies, then encourage segmented alterations in response to market conditions. With this idea incorporated within the strategy, it would combine the economies of scale benefits through behind the scenes standardisation, and benefit from local responsiveness by empowering each of the triad bases. The technological environment is particularly significant for Caterpillar to consider. Not only does Caterpillar have to continually improve the current products but it would also be beneficial to innovate new products to overcome original construction problems. This is highlighting the need to be more advanced than the competition, when Caterpillar enters a market it must ensure that the product offerings are compatible with the geological and business needs. For example track driven vehicles are more appropriate than tyres for working on loose sand. Caterpillar must also undertake a broad view of technological developments in order to identify issues such as alternative power, through to advantages identified in the logistical operation. A recent technological innovation has been the Advanced Combustion Emission Reduction Technology (ACERT); in short this is a more environmentally friendly engine. Along with product development and product innovation, Caterpillar must also be aware of opportunities to diversify. The most recent example of this is where Caterpillar introduced financial products to encourage a struggling economy to buy Caterpillar products. Caterpillars international strategy operates within an environment that is affected by the macro factors. These factors are recognised in a global context and are normally uncontrollable; therefore their management involves negotiations rather than influencing and controlling. The strategic decisions that affect the effectiveness of Caterpillar are mainly catered towards the micro level factors. Meaning the micro level factors are at work within wider macro issues. The discussion here extends to the most important micro factors that Caterpillar must consider when structuring their international strategy. The factors in brief are competition, structure and logistics, culture, and marketing. Each of these factors is discussed using relevant theories in the context of Caterpillar and its environment. Competition within the construction equipment industry (CEI) can be described using the industry life cycle and the five forces analysis (Porter 1985). The CEI is arguably beginning to mature internationally because the competition has been shaken down to leave only 27 organisations that are considered major competitors across all product areas (Datamontior 2003 pp. 13). This information excludes the financial products because these are largely dependent on the machines and engines. Due to the maturing nature of the industry, it implies that the customers will be repeat customers as opposed to new. This increases the value of the relationship and importance of having a h3 brand. Caterpillars position is one of leadership through product quality and support servicing; this directly builds the good perception of Caterpillar in the minds of the customers. The components of the five forces model (Porter 1985) illustrate the competitive environment of the CEI. The rivalry amongst existing firms reflects the increasingly internationalised nature of the market. The basis of competition is held in the ability to offer a broad range of equipment, and build confidence through meeting changing needs. The strategy employed by Caterpillar involves creating extra value by offering an extensive range with a supporting service that provides an excuse for premium prices. The main competitors for the heavy equipment market include Komatsu Ltd, Kubota Corporation and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. These are the most powerful competitors whose strategy also includes creating value and charging premium prices. It is noted that two triad areas, namely Japan and the US, predominantly contest the makeup of this market. Although it is conceded that European competitors are significant in the industries architecture. To some extent, the internationalisati on of the industry has provided a situation that can arguably be labelled as an oligopoly (Grant 2002 pp. 71), meaning there are a few organisations that are powerful enough to be deemed sustainable. Again this is more evidence that the industry is maturing, therefore influencing Caterpillars strategic decisions. The other main product of Caterpillar is their engine. The main competitors within this industry are identified, amongst others, as Rolls Royce, Ford Motor Company and Hino Motors Ltd. These competitors are of similar size and employ a strategy of offering reliability and supporting services. However it is noted that Ford and Hino Motors do cut costs and charge cheaper prices, but they still maintain the view of being the leaders. Again the geographical base of these organisations supports the triad perspective introduced by Rugman (2001). The basis of competition is the development of quality in terms of reliability and consistency; it is also an advantageous position to offer a wide range in products. Caterpillar currently offers around twenty different kinds of engine (Caterpillar Product Line 2002), there are also many variances that can be offered within these product ranges. Caterpillar is also recognised for its detailed service; an example of this is that they had temporary p ower established at ground zero hours after the September 11 events. Rugman (2001) demonstrates organisational structure theory as a series of alternative options. This approach offers a clear indication of strategies available, however it is implied that the alternatives are one-way avenues, when in fact a holistic view of organisational structure would include the facility of a hybrid approach. A significant limitation to Rugmans (2001) approach is that it failed to recognise the decision makers predisposition. Whether an organisation is categorised as either ethnocentric, polycentric, regiocentric, or geocentric (Pearlmutter 2001, Rugman 2001) would influence the extent to which it could execute a structure. Can a totally integrated transnational network structure be effective if extreme ethnocentric directors excessively control it? The majority Caterpillars board of directors are American, but the boards predisposition is known only by evidence in the companys structure. Caterpillars operations include a dealer network that is claimed to be an im portant competitive advantage, the dealer network comprises of relationships with local outlets totally integrated with private locations involving large amounts of FDI. This is arguably grouped as a ‘transnational network structure, but it obviously operates to an extent with governance from the home country. To maximise efficiencies and quality of service then the structure may need to consider the triad perspective mentioned earlier. The strategy could involve different approaches relating to sensitivity, but also incorporate the logistical economies of scale and scope. In addition to the ‘transnational network structure, Caterpillar is pursuing alliances, most recently with Ford. The aim for this partnership is to develop supply chain software based on their experience in the vehicle parts market. The American perspective dominates this strategic decision concerning the structure of Caterpillar; therefore if the alliance proves profitable then they are likely to integrate it universally. However this perspective may not be profitable in other cultures, which suggests that different locations are equipped to decide what to integrate and how. Current research by Miller and OLeary (2002) evaluated the performance of Caterpillar factories. The conclusions supported the argument of common manufacturing recommendations, these being the trend of computerisation, multi skilling, and the encouragement of an emergent approach. This new factory architecture represents the absence of control, this may be beneficial in the developed American labour market, but this would not be advisable in bureaucratic cultures such as the Chinese. Further American research is provided by Rao, Scheller-wolf, and Tayur (2000), here they intended to make recommendations for the development of a rapid response supply chain for the compact equipment. These recommendations included background theories such as the network theory, inventory theory and simulation theory, to reason their novel features like the ‘duel nodes of supply, which is to benefit dealer replenishment and customer demand in terms of service speed. The point stressed from such ar ticles is that they are only valid to the specific environment, in terms of structuring internationally then these issues would need to be addressed in each geographical location, and this would be unique in each case. Therefore the construction of an international structure is dependent on the location it chooses. Internally Caterpillar has developed a universal approach of how to operate. They have labelled this 6 Sigma. ‘6 Sigma is about success – about being better than weve ever been. Its about getting there faster (www.caterpillar.com/about), the fact that Caterpillar implement this universally suggests that there is an ethnocentric orientation towards the international management. The micro factor of international culture is a consideration that involves negotiation in order for an organisation to be efficient. Organisational culture on the international stage can be viewed as an extension from the four primary attitudes outlined earlier (Perlmutter 2001, Rugman 2001), these attitudes govern the perceptions of how a company organises its activities. Rugmans (2001) ideas outline the important issues of culture as being language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, material elements, aesthetics, education and social institutions. Although the attitudes of the organisations decision makers are catered for, it is felt that this is the starting point when evaluating an international culture. The unconscious attitude of decision makers will directly affect the extent to which they can implement a strategy such as ‘polycentric. For a pure international strategy, not only do the cultural differences need to be understood, but also the drivers th at influence the culture. This opinion is supported by research undertaken by Gulbro and Herbig (1999), this conclusion states that ‘firms must be better prepared, must improve their knowledge of the other side and its culture. This implies that cultural management is a process of negotiations rather than the encouragement of a ‘one best way approach. Gulbro and Herbig (1999) emphasised the need for organisations to learn from studies that show how different cultures are, therefore this would provide the resources to negotiate effectively the desired business activities. Research into Australian construction companies in Malaysia by McGrath-Champ and Carter (2001 pp. 20) found that ‘HR policies and corporate culture are used as marketing devices, not solely for management strategy. The theory formed from this research highlighted the fact that IB in developing economies needs to provide better insights into the role of the domestic market. It is argued that interna tional business ‘is not simply driven by cost or quality but the success the transactions it has within a host country (McGrath-Champ and Carter 2001 pp.). Caterpillars use of internal and external marketing attempts to communicate culturally consistent messages. Caterpillar regularly produces documents and articles such as the ‘code of conduct, ‘corporate support programs, a magazine, and network and product information. This is evidence that Caterpillar attempts to interact with stakeholders such as the communities, customers, dealers and employees. Another suggestion that Caterpillar manages culture effectively is the resolution of the six-year strike with the United Auto Workers (UAW). However it must be highlighted that it wasnt effective management that created the dispute, or dragged it along for six years, but since its settlement Caterpillar has recorded increasing profits year on year. However an argued reason for this maybe the weak dollar and h3 growth abroad, therefore these markets are in earlier in their life cycles which would suggests that problems may arise in the future. Hopefully experience shall instruct Caterpillar to observe the problems at an early stage. Ba Banutu-Gomez (2002) provides an indication of how to manage culture in developing countries. His recommendation implies that the management of international culture ‘requires a h3 commitment to a high standard of conduct. Managing in this kind of situation requires being able to design and implement a bottom up system, which involves a two-way exc hange. (Ba Banutu-Gomez 2002 pp.39). Similar to Rugmans (2001) highlighted issues; Hofstede (1991) identified four dimensions of work related cultural differences, namely ‘power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualismcollectivism, and masculinityfemininity. This research is an extensive piece based on questionnaires; it provides validity in terms of its thoroughness and its aim is to ‘help managers to identify how to create global competitiveness from diversity (Hoeklin 1994). Caterpillars cultural situation involves the problematic issue of combining the culturally diverse network into an efficient information sharing system. The documentation to signify cultural attention is at a thin level; the vast majority of the corporate marketing is of a very directive nature. For example ‘we are placing renewed emphasis on becoming a continual learning organisation at Caterpillar, using 6 sigma as the way we work (Annual Report 2001 pp. 5). The 6 sigma itself is a continuous improvement programme designed by Americans to implement internationally, this obviously does not recognise the needs to negotiate and exchange for maximum productivity and innovation, instead of enforcing a single way. The microenvironment involving marketing tactics is fairly consistent throughout its international markets. The products that are offered are broadly the same apart from simple language adaptations and alike. The important international marketing issue is the content of the supporting service; this would need to communicate in a way that is consistent with local perceptions. The constant problem for Caterpillar is learning what to communicate and where, therefore it is obvious that it should adopt a ‘polycentric approach as identified earlier. For implementing such a strategy techniques such as Yip and Masdens (1996) ‘Global account management have been proclaimed. Benefits associated with this technique include: Establishing links across regions that carry over time to build institutional relationships Good service leading to reputable benefits that can be transferred to new strategic regions or industries. (Yip and Marsden 1996 pp. 38) There is evidence of this within Caterpillars strategy because firstly, they produce ‘supplier communications guidelines. This maybe against cultural theory but nevertheless they are an attempt to establish a link within regions. The strength of the Caterpillar brand has been utilised by extending it to products associated with the core brand values, such as heavy footwear, clothing and watches. This strategy is confirmed with Chernatory, Halliburton, Bernath (1995 pp.20), where their approach ‘argued that international branding should be based on the core essence of the brand, in terms of its added values and positioning. However it must be recognised that the associated values may need to be refined when marketing in more sensitive markets. With the product being largely standardised and economies of scale being utilised, then the marketing and servicing operations need only to appreciate the local values, instead of marketing a differentiated product. Caterpillar largely promotes a consistent message of reliability, expertise and value for money; these are the underlying assumptions that are connected to the Caterpillar brand. Internal marketing could involve more negotiations through understanding local cultures, although this may unconsciously happen it does not get promoted through the documentation. In summary Caterpillars international strategy has evolved within a market environment that demands reliability and dynamic customer requirements. Therefore their international strategy is a unique response that matches the capabilities with customer demands. The current direction of the strategy is to ‘recalibrate our focus (Annual Report 2001 pp.2), meaning to concentrate on successful products and either retain or achieve leadership. Caterpillar does, and should continue to innovate in terms of products and logistics to maintain opportunities for leadership. The brand values provide a critical advantage in supporting the services because the interrelated nature of this allows prosperity. Caterpillars brand management and marketing internationally is effective in communicating the values, but it has been hinted here that the fundamental values may be ideal for the American market, but not necessarily maximising in foreign markets. Caterpillars logistical network involves vast amounts of investment of money and time; therefore it poses as a significant barrier to entry. The critical aspects of this network are the working relationships. Caterpillar manages these by documenting the ideal personality of a networked company. However, it is concluded that Caterpillar has ethnocentric characteristics, which may be inefficient by suppressing the domestic firms. The structural design of Caterpillar resembles that of a transnational network company, this network covers a large proportion of the globe, but the development of the structure extends from a triad perspective due to early investments in Japan and Europe. A criticism of this suggestion is that Caterpillar have sufficient power to influence networked companies, therefore it could be argued that there is evidence so suggest that it undertakes a global area structure. This is based on the opinion that they have a bureaucratic nature, which works against the network structure fundamentals. The competitive forces of the environment, namely the need for reliability and support service, would suggest that the network structure is more appropriate. Caterpillars ability to develop and produce products is a major advantage, but to create total dominance of the construction industry, their logistical network would need continual maintenance. The resulting recommendation is to encourage an emergent approach that encourages communication and business development within the network.